The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.